【2020托福写作的三个重要标准】托福写作评分标准

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托福写作的三个重要标准

第一，连接词过渡句

任何形式的英语文章中都应该具备一定量的连接词(路标词)，因为它们是有助于读者顺利阅读的“导航坐标”;大多数考生在备考时也的确会准备一系列此类连接词，用于文章每个段落的段首;包括有表示“第一，第二，第三”等的连接词。但是单纯有段首连接词还不足以支撑全文的结构，因此考生应该同时准备段中连接词，包括“比如说，因为，但是，相对比而言”等，粗略估计，全文完成下来可以达到15个以上的路标词，不仅承接了全文，结构清晰明了，而且也为时间紧张下的写作减轻了不少字数压力。以下为常用连接词：

1， 第一：in the first place/ first and foremost/ to start with/ to begin with/first of all/ first/ firstly

2， 第二：in the second place/ secondly and equal importantly/ to continue/second/ secondly

3， 第三：in the third place/ last but not least/ third/ thirdly

4， 一方面、另一方面：on one hand/ on the other hand; for one thing/ for another

5， 表原因：because/ because of/ since/ due to/ as/ thanks to/ for/ owing to

6， 表结果：so/ therefore/ as a result/ consequently/ as a consequence

7， 表举例：for example/ for instance/ such as/ take…as an example/ toillustrate

8， 表承接：besides/ furthermore/ moreover/ what’s more/ in addition/additionally

9， 表转折：but/ while/ however/ nevertheless/ nonetheless

10，表比较对比: to compare with/ compared with/ in comparison with/ by contrast/on the contrary

…

当然，仅仅依靠连接词是不足以表明全文的连贯性的，适当的添加过渡句也是很好的承接手段，如Official Guide To The New TOEFLP263中有一篇关于DISHONESTY KILLS RELIABILITY 的5分范文中就有出现多处明显的段落过渡句，如第三段首“After statingthat everyone’s opinion can be different about this, for me honesty, in otherwords, always telling…”用来承接上下两段，以引出自己的观点看法;第五段首“Although I would like to seealtruistic, understanding, thoughtful and loyal behavior from people, aninstance of the opposite…”等都明显具备良好的过渡功能，让全文更加流畅舒服，朗朗上口。

第二，内在论证统一

Official Guide To The NewTOEFL这一官方指南中也明确在写作部分提到“但要知道，仅仅使用第一，第二这样的连接词并不能保证作文结构的严谨，还要注意让所有的观点与文章的主题相关，紧扣中心思想。换句话说，作文要有统一性，评分原则中提到的统一性，渐进性和连贯性这些都是评估作文结构是否严谨，读者能否比较容易地跟上作者思路的标准。”通过上段叙述，我们不难发现作文论证统一性的重要性。

而事实上这也正是被许多考生所忽略的问题。在拿到试题后，考生们不是先腾出时间构思结构框架，而是急着抓住哪怕是一分钟的时间动笔写作，其实如此的选择是要不得的，建议各位考生在考试时不要舍不得这准备的时间，正所谓“磨刀不误砍柴功”;因为只有当你事先构思好而不是边想边写，你才能真正做到论证内容的一致性，观点与论据的统一性，也才能真正取得高分。另外，用最直白的作答应对题目的提问，用单边的手段安排整篇文章成5段的总分总思路是十分适用的。

托福考试作文独立写作范文：电影比电视更有教育意义

Do you agree or disagree: The movies are worth watching only if they canteach something in real life.

写作范文参考:

No matter who you are, you are definitely in a dire need for excitement andthrill. Then, a controversy might appear among the public whether citizensshould only watch those movies that can teach something in real life. Some ofyou may only watch those movies that can help to expand one’s knowledge andreveal the life stories, however, I strongly disagree with the statement and Ithink there will be a variety of reasons to watch movies.

Initially, entertainment is the principle reason for the entire worldwatching movies. Be it comedy, science-fiction, drama or action, movies are amedium of leisure and recreation for every single individual ranging from thoseon streets to the high and mighty residents in penthouses. Put it in anotherwords, the greatest of all benefits of watching a movie is that it entertainsyou and calms your tumultuous heart down. Take me as an example. I feel verytired after the full devotion to my career in a week and there is no time forthe gym and outdoor activities just because of the busy work schedules. Then, Iwill choose to lie on my couch and watch movies of many kinds with a bowl ofmunchies like popcorns and sodas during the weekends. By being engrossed in acomedy show that can evoke hearty laughs, I will encounter situations with apositive frame of mind. Besides, when watching the horror movies, I will feelexcited, scared, and emotional during those two and a half hours, leading me tobe transferred to a world far away from the reality. Obviously, no matter whatkind of movies they are, they will be worth watching if they can entertainyou.

Another general concern about movies is that they can help fasten the bondsbetween families. More often than not, what audiences are more focused on,during the process of watching movies, is the time they spend with theirfamilies rather than the well-orchestrated plots or the life lessons they mightdisclose. Current citizens can afford to spend too much time having fun liketraveling around the city or having a party because most of them are under hugepressure from the society and most of their time has to be occupied by a varietyof professional tasks. However, watching movies won’t consume too much time,serving as a stress buster and lubricant to strengthen relationship withfamilies. Almost at every weekend, I will hang out with my girlfriend to watchmovies whatever the genre is and staying with each other at that moment can helpshorten our mental distance and we can just hold hands of each other and feel soclose between us. Accordingly, my personal experience can help explain how wespend with our families or lovers like watching movies matters more than what wecan learn from the movies.

In a word, I don’t think only those movies that tell us important lifestories are worth watching. What I truly believe is those movies that canentertain audiences and provide viewers with a chance to stay with each otherare more welcomed.

托福考试作文独立写作范文：如何提升社区环境

What is the most useful action for people to help environment in theirlocal communities?

1. Plant trees and create parks

2. Persuade local shops to stop providing plastic bags for consumers

3. Increase access to public transportation (such as buses and trains), andreduce the automobiles on roads

写作范文参考:

With the sense of community becoming much stronger, how to protect theenvironment of local communities has never failed to attract the attention ofthe general public. Therefore, when it comes to which is the most feasiblemeasure to help environment, among planting trees and building parks,encouraging local shops to stop using plastic bags, and improving publictransportation, people's notions may vary from one to another. Towards such along-running tug-of-war, I am inclined to claim that the first option is thebest.

Firstly, growing trees and constructing parks can definitely help toameliorate the environment. For one thing, more trees will contribute to theimprovement of the air quality of the whole neighborhood. As is common sense,the prosperous industrial development has produced large amounts of waste gas,with the result that the haze and smoggy weather shroud quite frequently themajor cities in our country. The current air condition necessitates the plantingof trees, which can purify the contaminated air to a large extent. In otherwords, trees, the lung of the earth, play a vital role in absorbing some harmfulgas and producing more fresh air through photosynthesis. For another, the publicparks can be helpful to increase the biodiversity of the local community.Accompanying the rapid urbanization, an increasing number of natural lands havebeen utilized for constructing factories, shopping mall and skyscrapers, whichgreatly diminishes the natural habitats of animals, such as birds and squirrels.In this case, parks become the only place which can serve as habitats for thoseanimals. Accordingly, the species of animals living here can become morediverse.

In addition, there are certain limitations for the other two options.Admittedly, reducing the use of plastic bags and making public transportationmore accessible may also be conducive to the environmental protection in somedegrees. To illustrate, if the plastic bags are prohibited, the so-called whitepollution will be relieved. Also, easier access to public transportation meansless use of private cars, which leads to the reduction of car exhaust. However,in comparison to planting trees and building parks, the above two measures enjoyless popularity among the residents of the community and thus are unlikely to beimplemented. The underlying reason is that growing trees and constructing parkscan create a more comfortable living environment while the other two choices canbring about more inconvenience. To be more specific, if shops stop the use ofplastic shopping bags, the customers have to take a cloth bag while shopping.Also, taking public transportation will take longer time than driving theprivate cars, which means that commuters have to get up much earlier thanbefore. It is self-evident that whether a policy can be carried out directlydetermines its effect, which is especially true of the above situation.

Taking what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that themost effective way of protecting environment in local communities is to planttrees and create parks.

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